Water Degradation in the Pacific - 1545 Words

Geography3 | MAJOR ESSAY ANDFIELD RESEARCHWater | Discuss four major causes of environmental degradation experienced in your community. Also discuss four major reasons why It’s very important for us to protect and conserve our environments.Use relevant examples and pictures in your essay write up. | | Fig. 1: A bar graph depicting the distribution of the world’s water. Source http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/graphics/earthwheredistribution.gif Water is a very precious earthly resource that must be protected for the survival of the entire human race. In fact, according to the United States Geological Survey, only 3% of the world’s water is actually available as freshwater and only 0.3% is accessible for human consumption. This essay will†¦show more content†¦Mr. Cava went on to say that the large bills could also be attributed to leaks that customers never bothered to fix. As such, a poor water system, as well as a poor public attitude towards consumption of water, can have detrimental effects on the water supply. Although a few key sources of water degradation have been identified, it is still the role of everyone to ensure that the earth’s water supply is protected and preserved. There are many reasons for this: water is a necessity for life, it is also a habitat for many creatures. Also, if water is saved now, it will help to meet future needs, and even money. First of all, water is indeed a vital part of every living thing. It is needed not only for nutrition, but also for washing and transportation, among other things. In fact, The World Book Encyclopedia asserts that human beings use 60,600 litres of water in a lifetime. This equates to roughly 800 litres a year, or 15 litres per week. Therefore, one can imagine the large demand on water not only by humans, but by animals and plants, too. This is one major reason why we should engage in the sustainable use of water resources. Fig. 4: A typical marine ecosystem. Source http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/coral-reef-life.jpg Furthermore, water acts as a habitat for many different creatures. From the wide ocean to the little pond, every body of water is teeming with life. Examples of marine lifeShow MoreRelatedThe Security Implications Of Environmental Degradation And Resource Decline1718 Words   |  7 Pagesare the security implications of environmental degradation and resource decline in the Asia-Pacific region? The security implications for global resource decline and total environmental degradation are numerous and real. 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Four different currents maintain the circular motion of the gyre, which encapsulates large amounts of debris in the center of the gyre, known as the convergence zone. All of these components lead to the term most call as the â€Å"Great Pacific Garbage Patch†. The unfortunate locations of the world’s oceans, downhillRead More Devastating Effects of the Oleoducto de Crudos Pesados Essay884 Words   |  4 Pagesin the world. A drastic range of altitude and geographical diversity in such a small area has resulted in a high number of diverse climactic regions. Because of their very different climates and altitudes, Ecuador’s four main regions, the lowland Pacific Coast, the Andes Mountains, the Amazon rainforest, and the Galapagos Islands, are each home to a wide variety of plant and animal species. These many distinct ecosystems and the hundreds of endemic species residing within Ecuador’s borders have ledRea d MoreThe Trans Pacific Partnership ( Tpp )1349 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Passed in October 2015, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is the largest free trade agreement (FTA) to date, comprising nearly 40% of the world’s economy. Countries including the United States, Japan, Canada, Australia, South Korea and Mexico, among others share a common economic characteristic of a gross domestic production exceeding 1 trillion dollars annually. Other developing pacific countries included within the TPP include Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Vietnam, Singapore, Chile, BruneiRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Ocean1104 Words   |  5 PagesThe pacific islands are known for being especially beautiful and the image of relaxation; palm trees, white sand beaches, smiling faces, and crystal blue water. When acknowledging this, it is hard to imagine that the islands are currently dealing with the changing climate’s negative effects. Climate change is the largest environmental issue currently affecting the earth where humans are referred to as frogs slo wly cooking in a pot.[1] Despite the common knowledge that the earth’s atmosphere is heatingRead MoreEssay on The Concept of Economic Growth Development 1299 Words   |  6 Pageswith a disaster. Over consumption of limited natural resources can cause environmental degradation in an environment that humans are depends on it for living. This essay will look into the concept of economic growth and the effects of economic growth on the environment. Then, by analyzing the current situation, this essay will attempt to answer the question how and how much can humans reduce environmental degradation?† The concept of economic growth development Economists evaluate development asRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Sea Level Rise Caused by Climate Change932 Words   |  4 Pagesmuch to the denial and distaste of the sceptics. But, really, we haven’t been affected so far. And by scientific predictions, any changes to the earth will be well into the distant future. So why should we worry? Why should we care? Far out in the Pacific Ocean, halfway between Australia and Hawaii, lies a broken necklace of islands called Kiribati. Made up of 32 atolls interspersed over 3.5 million square kilometres, Kiribati snakes over the equator and nudges the International Date Line at its eastern-mostRead MoreSuggest why many countries find El Nià ±o weather anomalies very challenging.(10)964 Words   |  4 Pagesareas but I am going to focus on this specific area, where the usually south-easterly trade winds going from west of South America to Australia and Indonesia across the Pacific Ocean reverse or severely weaken. This occurs usually every 3-7 years and can last between 12-18 months. During an El Nino the warm sea in the western pacific migrate towards the South American coast because they are being dragged across by the winds. This stops the upwelling near South America and means that there are little

Eye Gaze Free Essays

CIRRICULUM VITAE NATRAJ. K Mobile: +917893067763 ( : natraj. k111@gmail. We will write a custom essay sample on Eye Gaze or any similar topic only for you Order Now com PROFESSIONAL SUMMARY A dynamic result oriented professional with 5. 6 years of experience in various platforms of project management, contract management, quality management, personnel management activities in INRASTUCTURE PROJECT SECTOR. Well served as an Infra site Manager (Jr) with ATS GROUP Ltd in Abu Dhabi, UAE for Homeland Security Projects Deputed by the AVANA [TATA-AGT] INTERNATIONAL COMPANY. Well conversant in handling the Survey, Planning, Drawing, Resource Management, Vendor Management. Astute manager with a flair for adopting modern project execution methodologies, systems in compliance with quality standards. Expertise in swiftly ramping up projects with competent crossfunctional skills and on time execution. EMPLOYMENT HISTORY Worked as an Infra Site Manager (Jr) with ATS GROUP LTD (Homeland security projects) since Oct 2010 to may 2012. (RECRUITED as an EXECUTIVE by the TATA AVANA GROUP [JOINT VENTURE OF TATA AND AGT INERNATIONAL COMPANY] CORE COMPETENCIES PROJECT PLANNING ? Implement detailed project reports and project execution plans/drawings after thorough discussion with clients, selection of sites, project evaluation in terms of outlays and profits attached. ? List down the resource needs for projects, after considering the budgetary parameters set. Establish time span of project execution as per client specifics. ? Monitor project status during the course of periodic project review meetings. ? Evaluate Designs; coordinate with Consultants and Sub Contractors for changes in the same. SITE CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT ? Manage all construction activities including providing technical inputs for methodologies of construction coordination with site management activities. ? Interact with Site Purchasers an d Suppliers for achieving cost effective purchase of equipment, accessories, material with timely delivery so as to minimize project cost. CONTRACT MANAGEMENT ? Oversee pre-tender obligations like submitting pre-qualifications, study of contractual conditions, project cost analysis including considering cost impact of techno-commercial conditions. ? Coordinate with Main Contractors; monitor their performance in view of project schedule. Settle all techno-commercial disputes / clarifications during execution of project. ? Prepare contract documents for various work items including contractual terms and conditions, technical specifications and commercial terms. QUALITY ASSURANCE CONTROL ? Handle Quality Management Systems across various processes to reduce rejection levels and ensure high quality standards at all the stages of production by maintaining Documentation Data Management. ? Conduct various inspections to ensure designed products are in compliance with pre-set technical specifications. ? Take adequate measures like forming quality circles, maintaining necessary records and conducting audits to comply with statutory quality environmental standards. CO-ORDINATION Network with Consultants, Architect, Contractors, Clients to ascertain technical specifications, construction related essentials, based on the prevalent rules and codes. ? Relationship management with Statutory Authorities for availing mandatory sanctions. EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS: ? BTech in Electrical Electronic Engineering from J. N. T University in Nov 2006. WORK EXPERIENCE: 1. Worked as a Service Site engineer with Aster Teleservices Pvt Ld. , from Nov 2006 to Oc t 2007 in Andhra Pradesh, INDIA. 2. Worked as a cluster Engineer (PMC Projects) with Aster Teleservices Pvt Ltd. from Nov 2007 to Oct 2008 in Ananthapur, ChittoorCuddappah regions in Andhra Pradesh, INDIA. 3. Worked as a CLUSTER HEAD (projects maintenance) for the Medak, Rangareddy and Hyderabad region in Andhra Pradesh, INDIA from Nov 2008 to Jan 2010 in ESSAR COMMUNICATIONS. 4. Worked as a Deputy Manager in ESSAR BULK TERMINAL(20mmtpa) (port projects, Material Handling Projects and Power Projects) in jamnagar(vadinar) GUJRAT, INDIA from Feb 2010 to sept 2010 5. Worked as a Infra site Manager (Jr) with ATS GROUP LTD in Abu Dhabi, UAE in Homeland security projects from oct 2010 to May 2012. DETAL JOB PROFILE: 1. 1. Aster Teleservices Pvt Ltd. As a Service Site Engineer. Client: AIRTEL Company. Job profile: †¢ Supervising the Civil, Electrical and tower erection works . †¢ Commissioning, Maintenance troubleshooting of all Sites. †¢ O M activites of all civil and electrical works. 2. 1. Aster Teleservices pvt ltd. As a cluster engineer. Client: vodafone company Indus Company Job profile: †¢ Supervising the Civil, Electrical works of all Sites. †¢ Commissioning, Maintenance troubleshooting of all Sites. VSWR Measurements, RF Power calibration, Internal External Alarm Testing. †¢ O M activites of all civil and electrical works. †¢ survey for upgradation of existing sites. †¢ Survey for new sites. 3. 1. ESSAR COMMUNICATIONS. As a CLUSTER HEAD. Key Responsibilities: †¢ Execution of Projects from Inception to Completion including Project Planning, Project Costing, Budgeting. †¢ Coordination Communication both Internal E xternal, Scheduling and preparation of project progress report. †¢ Preparation of BOQ Collection of receivables from the customers. Managing for all the activities of mobile telecom Infra implementation Which Include Land acquisition, Civil survey, Civil foundation(for GBT and RTT and RTP TOWERS ), Shelter foundation, shelter erection, Tower Erection, DG installation, Internal External Electrical works, Sharing of sites. †¢ OM Responsible for operation and maintenance of Tower Sites at 3 regions are MEDAK , ZAHEERABAD , VIKARABAD †¢ Upgradation of existing tower sites for addition of customers †¢ System testing Acceptance issuance of ATP 4. 1. ESSAR BULK (coal) TERMINAL. As a Deputy Manager. Key Responsibilities: Planning, Basic Engineering, Detail Engineering, Erection, testing commissioning, Co-ordination with consultant, supplier , contractor other departments for following packages 1) Power distribution for ESSAR TERMINAL PORT 2) Automatation , Control and VVFC drive for Conveyor system 3) Dust suppression and Fire Fighting system 4) Wagon loading and Truck loading system. 5) Brought out items like transformer, Motors, Cables 6) Grab Unloader (2000 TPH) stacker cum reclaim (6000/2500 TPH) 5. 1. WORKED AS A INFRA SITE MANAGER (JR) WITH ATS GROUP LTD IN ABU DHABI, UAE. Key Responsibilities: ? Supervising the Civil, Electrical works ? Monitoring daily and weekly and monthly target tracking by vendor ? Providing design and work plan to vendor for completion of project in time ? System testing Acceptance issuance of ATP. ? Plan, organize and coordinating with stakeholder for the successful completion of project. ? Responsibility includes design review and analysis of projects, preparation of documents for approval of the local authorities (confidential), material procurement scheduling, project budget, project development, and quality control. Key Projects and Selected Accomplishment: ? Construction of Backbone Project For fiber connectivity. This project involved Instalation of manholes, duct laying and fiber connectivity between major control room. ? ADCO in around fence up gradation and security camera installation, conversion of existing fence into smart fence and also planning for all fiber and power connectivity for cameras sensors as well as radars. ( CNIA ) Critical National infrastructure Authority. Light pole project in Zero tolerance area to provide light support for the security camera, access control and smart fence. ? Fiber Network planning, cable laying in perimeter fence to backbone route and main control room. Installation of SWB and cable termination from the Cameras. (CC 10 CC 30 ) PERSONAL DETAILS: Full Name: Kanikarapu Natraj Date of Birth: 25-06-1983. Languages Known: English, Telugu, Hindi Marital Status : Married. Permanent Address: PLOT NO: 14/A, Laxmi nagar, Picket, Secunderabad. Phone No : +9178 93067763. How to cite Eye Gaze, Essay examples

The Bible and the Quran free essay sample

In the world of literature we study artifacts presented by the text from both the Bible and Quran. They are both religious text for different religions. Christians mainly use the Bible and the Islams will generally use the Quran. They have both been around for many centuries to date back. Nobody actually knows exactly when these sacred books were originally written because they date back so far. The bible has two sections, a New Testament an Old Testament and the Quran has one hundred fourteen chapters. The Koran and the Bible are both sacred religious books. Yet, they both have many differences, as well as many similarities. The two books resemble each other in the manner in which they contain certain facts referring to the devil as a figure of evil, prayer, miracles, God having a relationship with humans and much more. Some of the differences that I have discovered include those that refer to the belief in trinity, crucifixion, and days of worship, salvation, the Holy Spirit and more things of that sort. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bible and the Quran or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although this may sound very peculiar, it seems as though most of he similarities in both the Bible and the Koran help to construct the very differences in both. The Quran revolves and evolves around Muhammads life. Muhammad recited the words of the Quran in response to various situations that has occurred in his life, but what these situations were is not recorded in the Quran. The central fact of the Muslim religious experience is Allah. The God of the Quran is one and transcendent, creator and sustainer of the universe, and the overwhelming concern of the believer. The word Islam means submission; a Muslim is one who submits to God, one who is a servant of God. This is not a mere disregard rather; it is submission to the Divine Will, a duty to realize actively Gods will in history. Thus, the Quran teaches that God has given the earth to man as a divine trust and that it is a persons duty and mission, as Gods agent, to strive to realize Gods will. The Holy Quran says that no man will be able to forge even a part of it and that no corruption shall touch it from any side. It is amazing that the Holy Quran has remained nchanged and unaltered during all these 1400 years and it shall remain so till the Day of Resurrection, for Allah, has taken it on Himself to protect it. The Book advocates the worship of one God or Allah. It explains how the followers should pray, how they should conduct business, how marriages should be solemnized and how wars should be fought. It forbids such evils as drinking, swearing, gambling, the worship of graven images, and the belief in the other gods than Allah. In short, it is a complete code of life. The Bible, however, is very different. It provides its own context and chronology. The New Testament is an anthology, a collection of Christian works written in the common Greek language of the first century, at different times by various writers. When it comes to the four gospels, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. These are the only gospel accounts that derive from the first century. Its revelation begins with creation and tells the story of God, the world, his people, the prophets and the Messiah, right through to the age of the resurrection. When the Bible gives arious commands or announces the gospel it does so within a context that it itself has revealed. Thus, to understand the Bible you only need the Bible. In fact, many of the stories that are only briefly retold in the Quran are told in full in the Bible. The to the Quran alone is misleading and inaccurate. The main difference between Islam and Christianity revolves around the divinity of Christ. Whereas the Koran states that Jesus was no more than a prophet of God, a human being, Christian doctrine insists that he was in some way divine, a son of God. The standard for Islam is the Koran; for Christianity it is the Bible, particularly the New Testament. One of the differences between the two texts is that the Quran invites you to believe in the word of God, while the Bible tells you what you should and should not do. The Bible has Ten Commandments that each tell you what you should live by, sort of like a moral code. The Quran also has something similar to the Ten Commandments; it is called the Five Pillars. The speaker in the Quran in the first person is God talking directly to man. In the Bible you have many men writing about God and you have in some places the word of God speaking to men and still in other places you have some men simply writing about history. They are actually surprisingly similar in the big picture sense but on the whole, I would say that the Bible puts more emphasis on a personal relationship with Jesus and a life after death, and the Quran puts more emphasis on total submission to God, patience and strength in the face of adversaries. They both are similar but have differences that make them their own distinct religion.

Wafers India free essay sample

Bhikhubhai, chandubhai, and kanubhai virani supplying wafers and namkeen of local brands to the patrons of Astron cinema, Rajkot. Due to short supply of the product they decided to make their own product line. ? In 1982 company establish semi-automatic plan near vad-vajdi, kalwad oad, Rajkot . ? Capacity of production at beginning 200kg per hour and current capacity is 1000-1200kg per hour. ? Plant cover 85000sq. m. area in the outskirts of the Rajkot city. vision of the company is that they make at least one product for every occasion is a clear – cut vision of Balaji Group. This vision meets the buying capacity of an average Indian and it also reflects the motto to the provide best Quality product line. Channel of distribution Manufacturegt;Distributorgt;Dealergt;Retailergt;consumer ?Marketing mix ? ? ? ? Product Price Place Promotion ?Recruitment and selection ?Human resource information system ?Wage and salary administration ?Training and development ?Employee benefits and services ? ? ? ? S – Strength W- Weakness O- Opportunity T- Threats To find out consumer and shopkeeper awareness and sales promotion of balaji’s khakhara and product development and to know about share of balaji’s khakhra. We will write a custom essay sample on Wafers India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To extend knowledge ? To know market share of product ? To know consumer and storekeeper aware or about balaji’s khakhra. ?Conclusion is derived by oneself (Decision Maker) ? Sample size is only 60 stores and 100 consumer, which may not represent the overall population. ?Time limit ? Result derived for Rajkot city only. ?Awareness of product consumer as well as storekeeper ? Brand preference of Balaji Wafers Pvt Ltd ? Consumer Buying behavior ? Product development ? To launch more healthy product REVIEW OF LITERATURE †¢A title â€Å"Business Research Methodology† written by J. K. Sachdeva, published by Himalaya publishing house in the year 2008, 1st edition. †¢A title â€Å"Business Research methods† written by ALAN BRYMAN AND EMMA BELL. Published by Oxford University in the year 2003 1st edition. †¢A title â€Å"Research methodology, methods and techniques,† written by C. R Kothari published by new age international publisher in the year 2007 2nd edition. †¢A title â€Å"Marketing Management† written by ARUN KUMAR and N. MEENAKSHI published by vikash publishing house private limited in the year 2010 5th edition. ?Sample size of consumer:- 100 [Racecos ground] Sample size of storekeeper:- 60 [15 Different area of Rajkot city] ? Primary Data ? Survey of 2010-11 ? Observation ? Secondary Data ?Previous survey of 2009-10 ? Websites ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION Orders 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 169 100 Orders 2009-2010 100 2010-2011 169 Awareness 2010-2011 30 aware Not aware 70 market share 10% 20% 40% shreeji suraj balaji other 30% ? 65% consumer aware and 35% not aware of balaji’s khakhra. ?70% storekeeper aware and remaining are not aware about balaji’s khakhra. ?69% sales increase in the 2010 compare to 2009. Market share of the Balaji’s khakhra is 20%, 30% share is suraj khakhra and share of sheerji is 40% and remaining part is other ?Company should provide better service to the storekeeper for more sales ?Balaji wafers should produce health related food products because of future demand and people becoming more health conscious. ?Company should gives replacement guarantee for sales increase. ?Market share of the product is not good so gives more advertisement. Conclusion of the research is that awareness of product , sales and market share of the product compare to previous year.

How to Get the Most Realistic SAT Practice Test Experience

How to Get the Most Realistic SAT Practice Test Experience SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Choosing the best way to practice for the SAT can be difficult; there are a lot of study options out there, but not all of them may give you an accurate indicator of how well you’ll do on test day.Taking SAT practice tests under realistic testing conditions is a great way to practice for the SAT and get an estimate what your score will be on the real test. There are many free SAT practice tests available that you can take in your own home, however; it can be challenging to simulate real test-taking conditions.The closer the conditions of your practice test are to the real SAT, the more useful and accurate your results will be.Read on to learn how you can recreate realistic testing conditions at home in order to get the most accurate results from SAT practice tests. This guide will give you all the information you need to create realistic testing conditions for a practice SAT exam. There are eight recommendations to follow in order to have an ultra realistic practice test: Take a complete test Have the required materials Have a set starting time Simulate a classroom environment Have an â€Å"official test† mindset Keep strict timing on each section Use only official breaks Review your exam results Benefits of Realistic Practice Test Conditions Like other methods of preparing for the SAT, taking practice tests can help youbecome more familiar with the types of questions that are asked on the exam and identify subject areas you should focus your future studying on. Taking a practice test in a realistic setting is even better because it gives you the most accurate sense of how you're scoring and helps you feel comfortable with and prepared for the test day proceedings. Let's go over the benefits of realistic testing in more depth so you know why this extra hassle is worth the effort. More Accurate Scores The closer your practice SAT is to real test-taking conditions, the more accurate your scores will be because your practice tests will take many variables into account, such as if you were able to finish each section before time ran out and how well you were able to concentrate with only limited breaks. Having more accurate scores gives you a better estimate of what your total SAT score would be, as well as how well you would do on each separate test section. This will let you more accurately determine what your strengths and weaknesses are and make your future studying more effective. Better Understanding of How Test Length Affects You SATs are long tests: the current version, including breaks, takes roughly four hours,if you include the optional essay. While answering individual practice questions can help you improve your score, taking full-length practice tests help you learn how well you hold up after several hours of testing. For example, you may discover that your scores drop on the later sections of the test because you find it harder to stay focused. Youmaynot have discovered this information if you’d never taken a full-length practice test under realistic conditions, and it gives you something to prepare for.Taking multiple full-length practice tests will also increase your test-taking stamina, so you're less likely to run out of energy during the real SAT. Less Anxiety About the Test The more familiar you are with something, the less worrisome it becomes.By making your practice exam test conditions close to those of the real SAT, you will become more familiar with the exam and its format, so that when you take the SAT you will know what to expect and will likely be more relaxed and prepared. How to Make Practice Testing as Realistic as Possible #1: Take a Complete Test In order to make your practice test as realistic as possible, you should take a complete practice test.TheCollege Board currently hasfour official practice tests for the SAT available. Taking an official practice test is important because it will keep your practice test experience as realistic as possible and give you the most accurate estimate of what your scores will be on the real SAT. Before you begin the test, print off the entire exam and its instructions so that you are ready to go.For your practice test, you should bubble in the answers on the answer sheet, just like you would for the real SAT. #2: Have the Required Materials The SAT has very specific rules on what you must bring, can bring, and are forbidden to bring on test day. Learn these rules ahead of time and follow them during your practice test. The SAT requires you to bring: Photo ID (such as a driver’s license or school ID) Your SAT admission ticket with your photo printed on it Two No. 2 pencils, with erasers Calculator: try and use the same calculator you plan to use for the real SAT, and make sure it meets the SAT’s calculator requirements Have these four things with you for the practice exam (using a blank sheet of paper that represents your admission ticket), so that you get used to remembering to bring them. Other things you should bring: A watch: this will help you keep track of your time because you can never be sure if there will be a clock visible during the test. Make sure your watch doesn’t beep though, because that is grounds to get you dismissed from the exam. Snacks and water: the SAT is a long test and having something to eat and drink during the break can help keep your energy up. Do not have cameras, notebooks, or your own scratch paper with you during your practice test, and if you have your phone near you, make sure it is turned off for the entire exam. #3: Have a Set Starting Time You and the parent who is proctoring you should establish beforehand when you will take your SAT.In order to be as similar to a real SAT as possible, this practice test should begin when real SATs do: at 8:00am on a Saturday. This is early, but taking your practice test at that time will help you be better prepared for the real SAT and know how well you function that early in the morning.Regard this start time as unchangeable. You cannot push it back or change it, even if you accidentally ended up staying out with your friends late the night before, decide you want work out, or want to watch some Netflix. You won’t be able to delay the start time of the real SAT, so don’t do it for the practice SAT either. Get up early enough so that by 8:00 AM, you're sitting at the desk or table where you’ll take the exam, with all your materials ready. #4: Simulate a Classroom Environment The room where you’ll be taking your practice SAT should be as close to a classroom as possible, because that's likely where you’ll take the actual exam.Don’t take your test while sitting on the couch or in a room that other family members will frequently be walking through. Pick a quiet room where you and your proctor you will be undisturbed, and sit at a desk or table.Only have necessary materials around you. Your phone should also be turned off and put awaylike it will be for the real exam. This is very important to rememberbecause having your phone on for the real SAT is enough to get you kicked out of the exam and your scores tossed out. #5: Have an "Official Test" Mindset Both you and your proctor should have the mindset throughout the entire test that this a realistic practice exam and should be as close to a real SAT as possible.The person acting as your proctor (likely your parent), should act as much like an official proctor as possible.This means things like reading instructions aloud,not making jokes, and not watching TVor listening loudly to music while you’re taking the test. You should take this test as seriously as you would a real SAT. Don’t ask for extra time, don’t try to check your phone during the test, don’t skip questions just because you got tired and know this isn’t a â€Å"real† test.If you wouldn’t do it during the real SAT, don’t do it during this practice exam. Taking a practice test under realistic conditions can provide you with a very accurate example of how you’d score on the real SAT, which can significantly help your future studying and raise your score for the actual exam, so take the practice test seriously. #6: Keep Strict Timing on Each Test Section This is one of the most important things you can do to help make your results from your practice SAT as accurate as possible.Not only is the SAT long, but it also includes a lot of questions in each section. Taking the test under real timing conditions will help you get used to the time pressures of the SAT and improve your time management skills. Your practice test will state how long you have for each section, and your proctor should follow the SAT’s time restrictions exactly.Have your proctor keep track of the time with a watch or timer, announcing when you have five minutes left in each section. You can also keep track of the time with your watch, if you’re wearing one. As soon as your proctor calls time, set your pencil down. Do not ask for or try to take any additional time. Even adding two extra minutes to a section can allow you to answer several more questions, which will give you an inflated and less accurate score.If you finish a section before time is called, do not move onto the next section to try and finish the test sooner. Just like you would for the real SAT, review your answers for that section until time is called. #7: Use Only Official Breaks The SAT has only three breaks, each between five and ten minutes long. These breaks usually come after the 2nd, 4th, and 6th sections of the exam. For the redesigned SAT, there will likely be two breaks, a ten-minute break after the writing section and a five-minute break before the essay.During your practice test, you should only take breaks at these times, and only for the specific amount of time allowed. Like strictly timing your sections, this will get you more used to the challenges of taking a long test with few breaks, which will let you see if this affects your score and help you improve your test-taking endurance. During these breaks, don’t do things you wouldn’t be able to do during the real SAT breaks, like check your phone, go on the computer, or go outside.You can (and should) use these breaks to get up and stretch, sharpen your pencils, use the bathroom, and eat the snacks or drinks you brought with you. Optional: Take Your Practice Test With Others This isn’t a requirement, but if you have other friends studying for the SAT, it can be helpful to take your practice tests at the same time.Doing sowill make your practice test closer to the real thing because you’ll take the real SAT with other people in the room, and, when you do, you’ll be more used to noises other test takers can make, like rustling papers or tapping their feet. #8: Grade and Review Your Exam Once you've finished with the entire test, take a short break before reviewing your answers. This can be anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Either you or your proctor should grade your multiple choice answers.If you included the writing section, try to have two other people grade it, following the SAT’s essay rubric.Also check out our guide on converting your raw score into a scaled score. Now you have your score for your practice SAT, but you’re not finished yet.You should review each question you got wrong or guessed on, working to understand what mistakes you made and how you can avoid making them again in the future.If you skip this step, your SAT scores likely won’t improve much, no matter how many practice tests you take because you’ll keep repeating the same mistakes. Check out our guide on the best way to review missed questions on the SAT. We also have a ton of resources to help you study for the SAT and raise your score. Check some of them out below. SAT Study Resources Want to learn ways to boost your SAT score? Learn the 15SAT tricks you should be using. Don't have a lot of time to study for the SAT? Learn the best last-minute study tips you should use. Wondering when you should begin your SAT prep? We have a step-by-step guide that tells you how long you should study for the SAT. Wondering what other study options there are beyond official practice tests? Learn about smart alternatives to officialtests. Aiming for a 1600 on the SAT? Check out our guide on how to get a perfect SAT score. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Christine Sarikas About the Author Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Essay on Morality and Ethics in Corporate World (Sample)

Essay on Morality and Ethics in Corporate World (Sample) Essay on Morality and Ethics in Corporate World In the corporate world, there is a large group of people who are hired to perform their skills and responsibilities as employees and investors. There are rules and policies that are indicated from the contract that has been drafted and applied by the corporate world in order to ensure that the quality of ethical responsibilities is followed. Discipline is important in the corporate world because it values the trust and the dignity of every employee to ensure that their services and product campaign are essential to value the cooperation of the target markets. In this case, it enhances the credibility of each employee to essential render their service efficiently and accurately to prevent any conflicting interests that might challenge the productivity of the corporate world. The principle of morality in the corporate world is valued by the influence of a firm leadership application; it is valued by managers and a head of a company. The reason behind is that leaders have the authority to apply their styles towards their employees to prevent any risks or hazards caused by ineffective skill management to a certain function or operation. During training, moral values are always insinuated by the training officers of the company because every employee should be responsible with their actions when rendering their service to the operating institution. As a result, the influence of an effective management procedure enhances the credibility of the institution to improve its values and trust with their target markets to establish an efficient way of promoting their professionalism. In the corporate world, the value of personal and professional ethics plays an important role to promote the essentials of morality towards other stakeholders. A productive corporate world is sustained by an effective and aggressive leader by leading change to the stakeholders to move in an upward trend, indicating an improvement with the assets and investments of the company. It is a strategic campaign to bolster the fundamentals of the company’s marketing values and interest. The result of having an effective leadership moves the company forward by means of generating an increased revenue status that improves credibility in the corporate world. This means that having an effective leadership generates a positive change within the corporate structure of the company. Respecting the house rules as well as the provisions provided by either national or international regulating agencies engages in a harmonious corporate structure to protect and safeguard that interest of the public. The ethical consideration of the corporate world is adapting to diversity applicable towards employees and consumers. In the corporate world, basic human rights are always waived to all stakeholders because it values the integrity of every human being while transacting and rendering the services of the institution. This involves respecting the race, the gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, social class, educational attainment, and age. In this case, the corporate world values the integrity of every individual by means of preventing actions against racism, hate speech, and discrimination of any actions made by its employees or a company. Respecting the rights of anyone is a major goal of the corporate world to sustain and implement its morality and ethical values. At the end of the day, a company influences the interest as well as productivity by means of engaging in a humane way of operating the company to both local and international markets (Churchland, 2011). Reference Churchland, Patricia Smith (2011).  Braintrust: What Neuroscience Tells Us About Morality. Princeton University Press. pp.  7–9.  ISBN  978-0-691-13703-2.

Physiology and Function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Physiology and Function - Essay Example This condition is tied to deficiencies in the production of red blood cells in its key factory, the bone marrow, and can be caused by a number of factors, including kidney disease in chronic form, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis, even as some forms of anemia, such as sickle cell anemia, can be passed on from parent to offspring (ADAM, 2012). Basophils: Basophils are a type of white blood cells in the human body (Childrens Hospital and Health System, 2012). As a white blood cell type, its function basically revolves around protection of the body from infections and diseases. This is done via basophils eating up invading pathogens. Their cytoplasmic contents include grain-like substances, and basophils in general have a dark purple to black hue in Wright stains (MedFriendly, n.d.). Eosinophils: Eosinophils are likewise a type of white blood cells in the human body (Childrens Hospital and Health System, 2012). It is also disease and infection fighting. While they are beneficial in attacking foreign bodies, they can cause disease in large amounts, including asthma, and parasitic diseases (MedicineNet, 2012). Erythrocytes: Erythrocyte is another term for red blood cells, and in general, as already discussed above, erythrocyte are involved in oxygen transport throughout the body, emanating from the lungs. They also are the carriers for carbon dioxide. (Childrens Hospital and Health System, 2012). Normal erythrocytes are biconcave, yellow in color, and has in it the hemoglobin oxygen carriers. Abnormal types include basophilic and hypochromic erythrocytes, the latter a condition where red blood cell counts are lower than normal, healthy values (Saunders,

Talent Planning in Operation of Business Coursework

Talent Planning in Operation of Business - Coursework Example It will also devise an induction plan covering important areas of management, timelines, and the roles of persons involved, as well as an induction programme for the new Manager’s first three months. The Queensland University of Technology has produced a document on Developing Workplace Induction, from which the Committee has borrowed some purposes and benefits of induction. These are to provide information, resources, and motivation for new employees. Information on the company’s policies, goals, and values, are vital during an employee’s first three months. These can aid the development of self-confidence and loyalty towards the company. Resources, such as a comfortable working environment, materials, tools, and personnel to assist the new employee, would be prepared beforehand. Without those resources, the employee could not reasonably function effectively or efficiently. Persons with whom he can liaise and consult for any clarification, greatly assist the employee to develop a sense of belonging. This will motivate him to seek training and contribute to the growth of the company. As the employee becomes confident that he has joined the right company, a good rapp ort is likely to develop among himself, his supervisor, and his colleagues. They can learn from him, he can adopt the company’s culture, and so the entire organization benefits in the end. The main purpose of developing an induction plan, and involving each department, is that the document can be a guide for the new employee. Feedback from department members is therefore very important. The Plan should allow the new member to practice new skills and use the new information gained. It should, therefore, have timelines for working, training, and assessment. Long before the employee arrives, the person who will greet, welcome, introduce him to colleagues, provide the training manual, and explain basic job functions on his first day, should all be in place. During his first month, a supervisor  should maintain contact, explaining rules, expanding training, assessing performance, and providing feedback on strengths and weaknesses.  

Physical Activity at School Is Important Essay Example for Free

Physical Activity at School Is Important Essay Physical activity is important in many various ways. Aim for 30 minutes of physical activity a day on most days of the week. Your activity can be spread out through the day. Try for 10 minutes at a time, but even a few minutes’ counts. A big reason physical activity important is having strong bones. Another big reason is having a healthier heart and lungs. Another reason physical activity is important is because everybody needs a lot of energy. All three of these reasons are important in our everyday lives. My first reason is you get stronger bones. Having stronger bones is one of the main reasons of physical activity and its importance. A personal experience that has happened to me is that my uncle never exercised and got osteoporosis. Exercising just a few minutes each day will gain you stronger bones. Every minute counts. Want muscles? Exercise at least 30 minutes’ each day for a long period of time I guarantee you results. My second reason is having a healthier heart and lungs. This is also one of the main reasons of physical activity and its importance. A personal experience I’ve gone through is that my grandpa died from chronic disease. Try keeping your heart and lungs extremely healthy. Avoid heart disease and acute disease. Nobody likes that. Live a long and healthier life. My third and final reason is having more energy. More energy throughout the day is magnificent. A personal experience that I’ve gone through is having no energy. Exercising allows more energy to flow through your body and be more enthusiastic during the day. In conclusion I believe physical is important in various ways. One reason is because you maintain stronger bones. Another reason is because you get a healthier heart and lungs. And the last reason is you get more energy. This content has shown most of the important reasons of why physical activity is important.

symbolaw Symbols and Symbolism - Birds as a Symbol in The Awakening Es

Birds as the Symbol of Bondage and Freedom in The Awakening Birds that are enclosed in cages indicate solitude and bondage; those that roam in the open air above the seas represent freedom and happiness. The captivity or freedom of these animals is the symbolism that Chopin uses to illustrate the captivity Edna experiences from society and the freedom she desires.   Through this vivid bird imagery in her novel The Awakening, Chopin elucidates the struggle and freedom Edna encounters. From the beginning of the novel, the author supplies bird imagery to represent captivity and solitude. The "green and yellow parrot, which h[angs] in a cage outside the door [of Madame Lebrun's home], ke[eps] repeating over and over: 'Allez vous-en,' [come in]" (43).   The pleas of the parrot parallel with those of Edna, a desire for communication. She longs for a companion to whom she can pour her heart and soul into, without being reminded of the restrictions and cares of Victorian society; a relationship that she did not have with her husband, but with Robert. Though E... symbolaw Symbols and Symbolism - Birds as a Symbol in The Awakening Es Birds as the Symbol of Bondage and Freedom in The Awakening Birds that are enclosed in cages indicate solitude and bondage; those that roam in the open air above the seas represent freedom and happiness. The captivity or freedom of these animals is the symbolism that Chopin uses to illustrate the captivity Edna experiences from society and the freedom she desires.   Through this vivid bird imagery in her novel The Awakening, Chopin elucidates the struggle and freedom Edna encounters. From the beginning of the novel, the author supplies bird imagery to represent captivity and solitude. The "green and yellow parrot, which h[angs] in a cage outside the door [of Madame Lebrun's home], ke[eps] repeating over and over: 'Allez vous-en,' [come in]" (43).   The pleas of the parrot parallel with those of Edna, a desire for communication. She longs for a companion to whom she can pour her heart and soul into, without being reminded of the restrictions and cares of Victorian society; a relationship that she did not have with her husband, but with Robert. Though E...

Developmental Psychology and Children Essay

1.1 An explanation of the legal status and principles of the relevant Early Years Framework and why the early years frameworks emphasise a personal and individual approach to learning development. The department of Education have issued a statutory Framework for Nursery settings, known as the Early Years Foundation Stage. The framework sets the legal requirements for the care of young children relating to Learning, Development and Welfare. The EYFS framework sets the UK standards for learning, development and care for children from birth to five. The curriculum is built around four principles: 1.A Unique Child 2.Positive Relationships 3.Enabling Environments 4.Learning and Development To give a basic understanding of the four principles, I will explain them below: A Unique Child You should focus on how children develop and recognise they are all different, but should be treated equally. Positive relationships and good communication are vital. Children need to learn about risks and safety, how to make good choices and how to stick to boundaries. Positive Relationships The theme is about children learning to manage their feelings and build relationships. You should respect all kinds of families and aim to develop a positive two-way relationship with parents. You will support, listen and work with the children to help them learn.Have a nominated key carer for each child to ensure they have the opportunity of building a close relationship and are well monitored during their time with you. Enabling Environments Plan and check on each child’s progress and make every attempt to involve parents and the local community. Ensure that inside and outside spaces of the nursery are safe, interesting and engaging. Learning and Development Focus on ensuring young children learn through play and exploration, with support for each individual. You should encourage children to develop imagination, to get actively involved in learning and to make decisions. Make every attempt to develop children’s creative and critical thinking, balancing the need for both the children and adults to lead the learning. Always work towards the following specific goals to help keep within the framework: †¢Personal, Social and Emotional Development, helping to build confidence, concentration, independence and respect. †¢Communication, Language and Literacy, developing speaking and listening skills and beginning to read and write. †¢Problem Solving, Reasoning and Numeracy, focusing on number work, mathematical ideas and thinking. †¢Knowledge and Understanding of the World, helping children investigate and think about their place in the world. †¢Physical Development, relating to developing physical skills and understanding. †¢Creative Development, centred around building children’s imagination. †¢Welfare, ensuring we are all aware of our responsibility for children’s welfare. We will look after your child properly and help them to stay healthy. We also ensure the Red House is a safe and positive place for children

Case Study Barings

Summary: One of the most infamous tales of financial demise is that of Barings Bank. Trader Nick Leeson was supposed to be exploiting low-risk arbitrage opportunities that would leverage price low rage differences in similar equity derivatives on the Singapore Money Exchange (Simex) and the Osaka exchange. In fact, he was taking much riskier positions by buying and selling different amounts of the contracts on the two exchanges or buying and selling contracts of different types.Thanks to the lax attitude of senior management, Leeson was given control over both the trading and back office functions. As Leeson's losses mounted, he increased his bets. However, after an earthquake in Japan after caused the Nikkei Index to drop sharply, the losses increased rapidly, with Leeson's positions going more than $1 billion into the red. This was too much for the bank to sustain; in March of 1995, it was purchased by the Dutch b bank ING for just one pound sterling.Overview: Barings Bank had a lo ng history of success and was much respected as the UK's oldest d merchant bank. But in February of 1995, this highly regarded bank, with $900 million in capital, was bankrupted by $1 billion of unauthorised trading losses. In 1993, Nick Leeson was appointed general manager of the bank's Barings Futures subsidiary appointed in Singapore. In this capacity, he was able to conceal his unauthorised trading activities for over a year because he managed both the trading and back office functions.The senior managers at a Barings came primarily from a merchant banking background and knew very little about trading. Even in the face of large profits, which should have tipped management off to the fact that substantial risks were being taken, they continued to believe that Leeson held matched Leeson positions on the Singapore International Monetary Exchange (Simex) and the Osaka exchange, and hence was making a low-risk profit. low In fact, Leeson was trading derivatives contracts on the two e xchanges that were, in some cases, of different types and, in some cases, in mismatched amounts.For example, Leeson rent executed a trading strategy known as a â€Å"straddle,† with the objective of making a profit by selling put and call options on the same underlying financial instrument, in this case, the Nikkei th 225 Index. A straddle will generally produce positive earnings when markets are stable but can result in large losses if markets are volatile. Leeson created an error account numbered 88888 as a holding area for any premiums or losses that he made. Leeson claims that he initially opened the account to conceal a single loss of e. 0,000 pounds sterling that had resulted from an accounting error until he could make up the difference through trading. However, he continued booking various losses into the account and also continued to increase his volume of trading and level of risk taking. Leeson took unauthorized speculative positions primarily in futures linked to the Nikkei 225 and Japanese government bonds (JGB) as well as options on the Nikkei. He hid his trading in an unused BSS error account, number 88888. Exactly why Leeson was speculating is unclear.He claims that he originally used the 88888 account to hide some embarrassing losses resulting from mistakes made by his traders. However, Leeson started actively trading in the 88888 account almost as soon as he arrived in Singapore. The sheer volume of his trading suggests a simple desire to speculate. He lost money from the beginning. Increasing his bets only made him lose more money. By the end of 1992, the 88888 account was under water by about GBP 2 million. A year later, this had mushroomed to GBP 23 million.By the end of 1994, Leeson's 88888 account had lost a total of GBP 208 million. Barings management remained blithely unaware. On February 23, 1995, Nick Leeson hopped on a plane to Kuala Lumpur leaving behind a GBP 827 million hole in the Barings balance sheet. As a trader, Leeso n had extremely bad luck. By mid February 1995, he had accumulated an enormous position—half the open interest in the Nikkei future and 85% of the open interest in the JGB future. The market was aware of this and probably traded against him.Prior to 1995, however, he just made consistently bad bets. The fact that he was so unlucky shouldn't be too much of a surprise. If he hadn't been so misfortunate, we probably wouldn't have ever heard of him. Traders sometimes speculate without authorization. Presumably, a few are able to cover their tracks. Others are caught. When they are caught, they are fired, and their employer eats the loss. Usually, neither the trader nor his employer has any interest in publicizing the incident. Leeson made headlines precisely because he was so unlucky.By the time he was discovered, he had bankrupted his employer. Publicity was unavoidable. What is amazing about Leeson's activities is the fact that he was able to accumulate such staggering losses w ithout Barings' management noticing. As Leeson lost money, he had to pay those losses to SIMEX in the form of margin. Leeson needed cash. By falsifying accounts and making various misrepresentations, he was able to secure funding from various companies within the Barings organization and from client accounts.His misrepresentations were flimsy at best. For example, he claimed that he needed funds to make margin payments on behalf of BSS clients, and he gave a technical argument related to how the SIMEX collected margin as justification. This claim was false. It was actually against SIMEX rules for a broker to post its own money as margin for a client. Even if the claim were true, the funds would have been needed only temporarily—until the client could make payment. Instead, Leeson continued to ask for ever more funding.Leeson increased the size of his open positions even as his losses increased due to volatility in the markets. When an earthquake in Japan caused a steep drop i n the Nikkei 225 equity index , however, Leeson's unauthorised trading positions suffered huge losses and his operation unravelled. On March 3, 1995, the Dutch bank ING purchased Barings for 1 pound sterling, providing the final chapter in the story of the 223-year-old bank that had once helped the United States to finance the Louisiana purchase.The beginning of the end occurred on January 16, 1995, when Leeson placed a short straddle (an options trading strategy) in the Singapore and Tokyo stock exchanges, essentially betting that the Japanese stock market would not move significantly overnight. However, the Kobe earthquake hit early in the morning on January 17, sending Asian markets, and Leeson's investments, into a tailspin. Leeson attempted to recoup his losses by making a series of increasingly risky new investments, this time betting that the Nikkei Stock Average would make a rapid recovery.But the recovery failed to materialize, and he succeeded only in digging a deeper hole . Realizing the gravity of the situation, Leeson left a note reading â€Å"I'm Sorry† and fled. Losses eventually reached ?827 million ($1. 4 billion at then-prevailing exchange rates), then prevailing twice the bank's available trading capital. This led to the bank's collapse. After fleeing to Malaysia, Brunei and finally Germany, Leeson was arrested and extradited back to Singapore on March 2, 1995. While he had authorization for the January 16 short straddle, he was charged with raud for deceiving his superiors about the riskiness of his activities and the scale of his losses, although some observers (and Leeson himself) have place much of the placed blame on the bank's own deficient internal auditing and risk management practices. Sentenced to six and a half years in jail in Singapore, he was released from prison in 1999, having been diagnosed with colon cancer, which he has survived despite grim forecasts at the time. While in despite prison, in 1996, Leeson published an autobiography, Rogue Trader, detailing his acts.There may be a temptation to view this debacle as being caused by just one individual – the â€Å"rogue trader† – but in reality the fiasco should be attributed to the underlying structure of the firm, and particularly to the lack of internal checks and balances. Events: 1993: Nick Leeson becomes general manager of Barings Futures (Singapore), running the bank's Simex (Singapore International Monetary Exchange) activities. January 1994: By this date (at the latest), Leeson started selling put and call options on the Nikkei 225 equity index, placing the premiums earned into an error account number 88888.This strategy, known as a straddle, is essentially a bet on the stability of market prices. 24 February 1994: A memorandum from the Barings' asset and liability committee values the 4 options portfolio at 2. 8 billion yen. July 1994 – August 1994: James Baker, an internal auditor, spends two weeks in Singapor e investigating the immense profits being made there. Baker identifies the weakness of internal controls and recommends that the general manager should no longer be responsible for the back office.In response, a separate financial manager in Hong Kong is given part part-time responsibility for watching over the back office. ng August 1994: In an attempt to better evaluate its overall risk, Barings sets up an integrated Group Treasury and Risk function, reporting to a new asset and liability committee (Alco). December 1994: A later Barings investigation reveals that, for unknown reasons, Leeson has run up an accrued loss amounting to Y7. 7 billion on the account by the end of 1994. 23 January 1995: The Nikkei 225 drops by 1000 points after an earthquake hits Japan's industrial heartland. 6 January 1995: The London futures team gives Barings' Alco Committee a presentation on the Baring Futures (Singapore) operation, which states that Leeson is operating a perfectly perfectl matched bo ok – long in Osaka, but short to the same amount on Simex. 8 February 1995: Coopers & Lybrand decides to hold off signing off on Barings' accounts until it becomes possible to clear up a few points with Leeson. 23 February 1995: At close of trading, the error account contains 55,399 Nikkei contracts trading, expiring in March and 5640 expiring in June.As of February 25, this totalled a loss of 59 billion yen on Simex. 24 February 1995: The Barings Board meets to discuss a hastily prepared analysis of the hastily-prepared transactions in Account 88888. March 1995: The Dutch Bank ING agrees to purchase Barings for 1 pound and assume all of its liabilities (Bull, 1995). Lessons to be Learned: Lack of internal checks and balances Even when segregation of duties was suggested by internal audit, the concentration of power in the Leeson's hands was scarcely diluted. Lack of understanding of the business.If Barings' auditors and top management had understood the trading business, the y would have realised that it was not possible for Leeson to be making the profits that he was reporting without taking on undue risk, and they might have questioned where the money was coming from. Arbitrage is supposed to be a low risk, and hence low profit, business, so Leeson's large m. profits should have inspired alarm rather than praise. Given that arbitrage should be cash cashneutral or cash-rich, additional alarms should have gone off as the Bank wired hundreds of rich, millions of dollars to Singapore.Poor supervision of employees Although Leeson had never held a trading license prior to his arrival in Singapore, there was little oversight of his activities and no individual was directly responsible for monitoring his trading strategies. Lack of a clear reporting line Leeson's fraud may have been facilitated by the confusion caused by two reporting lines: one to London, for proprietary trading, and another to Tokyo for trading on behalf of customers. customer Allikas: http ://www. erisk. com/Learning/CaseStudies/ref_case_barings. asp Kusimused:1. Millist kauplemisstrateegiat Nick Leeson oma ulemustele teadaolevalt kasutas? Kuidas selle strateegiaga teoreetiliselt raha on voimalik teenida? 2. Millist kauplemisstrateegiat Nick Leeson tegelikult kasutas? Kuidas selle strateegiaga teoreetiliselt raha on voimalik teenida? 3. Mis on back-office funktsioonid? 4. Mis sundmus sai Barings pangale saatuslikuks? Mis selle tulemusel juhtus Leesoni positsioonidega? 5. Mis olid pohjused (mida tehti valesti), et kaesolev Baringsi case sai uldse juhtuda (5 pohjust)? 6. Milliseid eetilisi noudeid Nick Leeson oma tegutsemisega rikkus ning kuidas oleks tulnud korrektselt kaituda?

buy custom Solar Energy essay

buy custom Solar Energy essay Introduction In the recent past solar energy, solar heat and radiant light from sun is being harnessed by man with the aid of a range of rapidly-evolving technologies. The radiation from the sun, together with other secondary solar-propelled resources like the wind and, hydroelectricity biomass and wave power, to a great extent account for most of the abundant renewable forms of energy on earth. Despite this, only a minute percentage of the solar energy is harvested. Solar energy is primarily the use of radiation from the sun to meet practical ends. Taking a closer look, it is clear that all forms of renewable energies, with the exception of tidal and geothermal energies, derive their power from the sun. This paper seeks to establish the various ways in which the solar energy is harvested and put into use to ensure that it yields more appealing energy results. It will look into the various ways in which it has been used and identify other ways in which it can be better applied and subsequently im proved. Solar technologies are generally categorized into either active or passive. This assumption is reached at depending on the means they distribute, convert and capture sunlight. For active solar techniques there are rampant use pumps, fans, and photovoltaic panels in the conversion of sunlight into more useful outputs. On the other hand, passive solar techniques involve selecting items with optimum designing spaces, thermal properties which naturally circulate air, and regarding the position of a foundation to that of the Sun. Active solar technologies result to increment in the supply of energy and are recommended to be excellent supply side technologies, contrary to this, passive solar technologies decrease the necessity of alternate resources and hence are considered to be demand side technologie (Prakash Garg 67). . The solar energy harvested has been used in different areas in the economic sectors across the world. It has facilitated the development and advancements in technologies both in business and scientific areas. Solar power has been used in architecture and subsequent urban planning where sunlight has affected building designs ever since the start of architectural history. The most common characteristics of passive solar architecture are relative orientations to the Suns position, the compact proportion (lower surface area to volume ratio), overhangs (selective shading) and most importantly thermal mass (Behrman 34). In cases where such elements are tailored to suit the local environment and climate, they are able to produce properly-lit areas which remain in an appealing temperature range. Solar energy has also been used in thermal technologies where its application has been used for space cooling, space heating, heat generation and process water heating. This has ensured that an alternative source of energy has been developed and to a great extent reduced the chances of environmental degradation due to use of other forms of material to produce energy (Sukhatme 170). Solar energy has also been used to make solar cookers which use sunlight for pasteurization, drying and cooking. These solar cookers can be classified into three major categories: reflector cookers, panel cookers and box cookers. Panel cookers make use of a reflective panel to guide sunlight rays onto a properly insulated container and attain temperatures comparable to that of box cookers. Similarly, reflector cookers use different concentrating geometries (trough, Fresnel mirrors, and dish) to direct light on a given for container cooking purposes. Hybrid solar lighting can also be used to diversify the use of solar energy in the day to day activitiess of man. Hybrid solar lighting is basically an active solar technique of availing interior illumination. HSL systems gather sunlight rays with the use focus mirrors which track the Sun and apply optical fibers in transmission of the same into a building to act as a supplement to the already existing conventional lighting. In applications involving single-stories, the systems have the capability of transmitting up to 55% of the sunlight received directly (Anderson 132). Solar distillation can also be explored to enhance improvement procedures in the use of solar energy. Solar distillation can be applied in the making of brackish water or saline potable. The stills are in a position to operate in hybrid, active, or passive modes. The use of double-slope stills is the most economical for domestic purposes that are decentralized; similarly, active units (multiple effects) are better s uited for large-scale scientific application. This venture is a great stepping stone towards total solar energy utilization as innovation is allowed to thrive freely and independent opinions put against the grid for thorough scrutiny (Brezet 453). In most of the solar harvesting plants, solar chemical processes need solar energy to propel chemical reactions. The same processes offset energy which could otherwise be attained from an alternate means and can divert solar energy to storable and transportable forms such as fuels. Solar aided chemical reactions are be divided into photochemical or thermo chemical. A range of fuels are produced by way of artificial photosynthesis. This multi electron catalytic chemical reaction involved in producing carbon-based fuels like methanol from the subsequent reduction of carbon dioxide is quite difficult. With the use of solar energy, these chemical reactions are eased and energy can now be stored in various other forms for later consumption. Buy custom Solar Energy essay

Using Shelve to Save Objects in Python

Using Shelve to Save Objects in Python Shelve is a  powerful Python module for object persistence. When you shelve an object, you must assign a key by which the object value is known. In this way, the shelve file becomes a database of stored values, any of which can be accessed at any time. Sample Code for Shelve in Python To shelve an object,  first import the module and then assign the object value as follows: import shelve database shelve.open(filename.suffix) object Object() database[key] object If you  want to keep a database of stocks, for example, you could adapt the following code: import shelve stockvalues_db shelve.open(stockvalues.db) object_ibm Values.ibm() stockvalues_db[ibm] object_ibm object_vmw Values.vmw() stockvalues_db[vmw] object_vmw object_db Values.db() stockvalues_db[db] object_db A stock values.db is already opened, you dont  need to open it again. Rather, you can open multiple databases at a time, write to each at will, and leave Python to close them when the program terminates. You could, for example, keep a separate database of names for each symbol, appending the following to the preceding code: ## assuming shelve is already imported stocknames_db shelve.open(stocknames.db) objectname_ibm Names.ibm() stocknames_db[ibm] objectname_ibm objectname_vmw Names.vmw() stocknames_db[vmw] objectname_vmw objectname_db Names.db() stocknames_db[db] objectname_db Note that any change in the name or suffix of the database file constitutes a different file and, therefore, a different database. The result is a second database file containing the given values. Unlike most files written in self-styled formats, shelved databases are saved in binary form. After the data is written to the file, it can be recalled at any time. If you want to restore the data in a later session, you re-open the file. If it is the same session, simply recall the value; shelve database files are opened in read-write mode. The following is the basic syntax for achieving this: import shelve database shelve.open(filename.suffix) object database[key] So a sample from the  preceding example would read: import shelve stockname_file shelve.open(stocknames.db) stockname_ibm stockname_file[ibm] stockname_db stockname_file[db] Considerations With Shelve It is  important to note that the database remains open until you close it (or until the program terminates). Therefore, if you are writing a program of any size, you want to close the database after working with it. Otherwise, the entire database (not just the value you want) sits in memory and consumes computing resources. To close a shelve file, use the following syntax: database.close() If all of the code examples above were incorporated into one program, we would have two database files open and consuming memory  at this point. So, after having read the stock names in the previous example, you could then close each database in turn as follows: stockvalues_db.close() stocknames_db.close() stockname_file.close()

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 16

Abortion - Essay Example The focus in the essay "Abortion" is on this operation that allows a woman to put an end to a human life. Abortion gives a woman the right to terminate a pregnancy if she feels that she is not in a position to give birth to a child owing to emotional, psychological, social, medical or financial reasons. There are people who say that abortion is immoral and should be made illegal because it violates the rights of a fetus (Maguire 155). These people believe that actually speaking human life does not begin at birth, but it begins right from the time when two people conceive a fetus. Hence, a fetus is as much a human as any other individual. Thereby, by the virtue of being a human, a fetus does have the right to life and aborting a fetus deprives it of the right to life (Maguire 155). So women should not be allowed to have an abortion and if possible, abortion should be made illegal. However, on a closer analysis, one finds that this line of argument is also utterly wrong and faulty. Even if one assumes that a fetus is a human and has the right to life, the rights of an unborn fetus could not be given precedence over the rights of a woman who carries that fetus. No individual can be given a right over another individual’s body. Hence, it would be logical to say that a fetus does not have the right to occupy a woman’s body and to draw sustenance from her body, against her wishes and desires. Therefore, the right to life of a fetus is subject to the will and intentions of the woman that carries that fetus.

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

International Business - Essay Example One such country is China or officially named as The People’s Republic of China. China is one of the most populous countries of the world. It is also considered to be a communist state among five other communist states still found in the world. In fact China is both a communist state as well as a socialist state, having being ruled by The Communist Party as well as the Working class. China, in the recent decades, has been able to develop a perception of a country that excels in manufacturing, be it electronics or textiles. Having a population of more than 1.3 billion people, this country has the advantage of providing cheap labor for businesses around the world; and thus China is considered to be the chief option of organizations wanting to open up business units outside their home country. In this paper, an attempt would be made to evaluate the political, economic and technological factors that have led to the consideration of China as an emerging economy. Based on this evalu ation, recommendations would also be made in this paper. Since China is an emerging economy, it is safe to assume that the political, economic and technological aspects of China are far from perfect, thus recommendations developed in this paper would provide a better way forward for the country. Background of People’s Republic of China China, the most populous country in the world, is located in Eastern Asia which a population exceeding 1.3 billion people. The capital city of China is Beijing, known for its trading. After China adopted is economic reforms in 1978, it became the fastest growing economy in the world. However, due to the large population of China, this growth has still not allowed the country to enjoy the position of a developed nation (LeFleur, 2003). China is known for its manufacturing around the world and thus is the biggest exporter of all kinds of goods to the world. Since the population of China is very high, imports also form a substantial part of the ec onomy. This results in China being the second largest importer of products from all over the world (Lardy, 2001). Having a rapidly growing economy, China is often considered as a threat to the United States. This is because China has been able to exercise considerable power over the rest of the world as foreign investment flows heavily in the country and this country also invests in other countries. Thus, this country is a potential super world in the coming times. Despite its growing economy, China is ruled by the Communist Party which has immense control over the economic and other affairs of the country. This to a certain extent has hampered the growth of the economy. Evaluation of Political Factors In terms of political factors, this paper would refer to the political parties ruling the country and their impact on the overall economy of the country. China is a country ruled by the Communist Party, with interference from the working class on some levels. Thus the country is ruled on the basis of both socialist and communist forms of government. These two opposing powers form the two main parties within the China, namely the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

Course project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Course project - Coursework Example The company is quite strong compared to the peer group and the top competitors whose current ratio is 2.01 and 1.10 respectively. The strength emanates from the fact that the current ratio of the company is in between to indicate the assets are steering the growth of the company. The profitability ratio will measure the company’s ability to generate profits. Aswath argues that the gross margin indicates the percentage of net sales going towards fixed costs and profit (34-35). Macys aim for high gross margins that mean more money to cover fixed costs and increase profits. Asset management ratio is a good measure of the company’s efficiency and effectiveness in using the assets in revenue generation. Market value ratios relate to the stock price, observable market value and book value will get obtained in the company financial statement. Therefore, Equity Investors can extend credit to investors due to the report found in its financial ratios. The ratios show an upward trend to indicate that the company is

The Concept Of Risk And Public Protection Social Work Essay

The Concept Of Risk And Public Protection Social Work Essay All activities and behaviours that people have can have different positive or negative impacts on their lives, partially because of potential risks which are easy to predict or manage. According to Leitch (2009) the word risk does not have any physical existence; rather it exists only within the mind, like many other abstract words such as idea, concept, attitude, emotion, and culture. This essay will firstly discuss the concept of risk and public protection, and how it has developed, with particular attention on the meaning of risk assessment and risk management. Secondly, it will focus on government inquiry and its effects on legislation and policies, as well as the benefits and failures of inter-agencies and inter-disciplinary policies with particular reference to risk and public protection. The concept of risk can be defined simply as the probability of suffering some damage or injury, catching a disease or in some circumstances even dying. At a more complicated level, it can be defined as the chance or probability of an undesirable event happening with an undesirable result (Duffey Saull, 2005). The term risk, like many other concepts, can be used in different ways. The Oxford English Dictionary defines the term risk as, hazard, danger; exposure to mischance or peril (Alaszewski et al., 1998 p3). Risk could be the probability of losing a valued resource. For instance, the risk of investing money could be losing that money; the risk of going rock-climbing might be getting injured or dying. On the other hand, some people take that risk in order to gain positive outcomes such as profit from investing that money and a feeling of adventure or thrill at going rock-climbing (Neill, 2003). Duffey and Saull (2005) explain that risk is the chance or likelihood of a disaster occurring, and its potential cost, during a specific period of time or under specific circumstances. Giddens (1994) argued that the nature of risk has resulted in a crisis in the welfare systems of contemporary society. However, he had suggested that using it can lead to a rethinking of welfare. Duffey Saull (2005) argue that risks regarding health are defined in terms of the probability that an individual will suffer from disease or injury within a given time period. In fact, there are various sources of risk. For instance, some risks could be environmental, such as those caused by natural disasters, poverty and war. Furthermore, community, family, school, and friends are all causes of environmental risk, while some risks are due to personal lifestyle, such as smoking, lack of exercise, un-balanced diet and so forth. According to Alaszeweski et al. (1998) in the seventeenth century the word risk seems to have appeared in the English language derived from the French risquà ©, that had in turn come from the Italian risco which means to run into danger. When the word risk came into the English language, it indicated both chance and consequences. Most people classify the components of risk as follows; occurrence of something bad, the chance of such an occurrence, and the consequences of occurrence. These components could be used to evaluate risk (Merna Faisal. 2005). Martin (2002) identifies different sources of risk. For instance, Physical- damage to individuals, equipment, and buildings, as a result of accidents or natural disasters. Labour- people unable to do their job because of health problems, career changes, or work pressure. Political/ social: policy change, protests from community, patients, or service users. As it is difficult to admit a mistake, whether personal or professional, most people tend to shift the blame and allocate responsibility to others such as the state, agencies, and officials when things go wrong. Therefore, the concept of blame can be defined as follows; blame is the process of allocating responsibility and punishments when accidents occur (Alaszewski et al, 1998 p13). According to the report of a Thematic Inspection, (1995, p12) a risk assessment can be defined as, an assessment carried out to establish whether the subject is likely to cause serious physical or psychological harm to others. When the term risk is used, it is generally not thought of as having positive consequences, as most people believe that if there is a risk there is less chance of protection, (Kemshall, 2002). Negative risk is represented by possible events that could harm a plan and which should be avoided. On the other hand, positive risk refers to risks that we initiate ourselves because we see a potential chance of success, along with probable failure. There are five steps to risk assessments, which are as follows; Classifying the risk. Stating who could be harmed and in what way. Assessing the risks. Reporting findings and implementing them. Updating evaluations if necessary (Health Safety Executive, no date). Alaszewski et al. (1998) think that risk management is the complete process of identifying, measuring and minimizing the chance of uncertain events affecting resources. Effective assessment and management of risks is a major professional practice in human service professions. It is the main part of any organisations strategic management; it is the process of addressing the risks so as to be able to work with the goal of achieving sustained benefits. Effective risk management should be able to identify and treat these risks so as to increase the probability of success, and reduce the potential for failure. Risk management has to be a continuous and developing process which runs throughout the organisations strategy and its implementation. According to Thematic Inspection by HM Inspectorate of Probation (1995) any effective risk management plan should begin with identifying the potential risks in all its manifestations. Once risk is identified, it must be assessed as to its likelihood of occurence and the extent of any possible damage. After that, all risks should be prioritized so that each can receive the appropriate time and resources. In order to achieve a meaningful and efficient assessment, it must be done thoroughly and accurately and in a timely manner. Public protection can be defined as the desired result of effective risk assessments and successful risk management (Report of a Thematic inspection, 1995). Due to a lack of safety strategies in organisations and drawbacks in some state policies, the idea of public protection was developed mainly by the public (Becks, 1992). It meant that governments and organisations should play a greater role in ensuring the protection of citizens by evaluating and managing risks. Currently, there are many agencies that attempt to produce policies and practices in order to address the issue of risk and public protection for vulnerable people like the elderly, children, people with mental health problems and people with learning disabilities. However, there is the problem of how to implement these policies as there is little practical guidance and training (Kemshall Pritchard, 1996). In fact, there are many kinds of risk, including the risk of specific diseases, accidents, assault, drug abuse, child abuse, adult abuse, heart disease, cancers, disasters, and poverty. As child abuse is a highly controversial issue and a contested area in contemporary society, this essay will now focus on conceptions of child abuse with reference to a government report on the subject and its impacts on legislation and policy. Child abuse or neglect may happen intentionally or as a result of negligence towards a child by an adult. According to the report Childhood Matters, child abuse contains several things which can be harmful to children or which can damage their ability to have a healthy development either directly or indirectly (Hobart Frankel, 2005). Despite the international consensus regarding children, that they should be treated with respect and must be protected from any kind of abusive exploitation, there is still a lack of clarity about what exactly constitutes abuse, (Cloke Davies, 1995). There are four kinds or categories of child abuse: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect, which are explained below; Physical abuse is the type which has been most studied. It is defined as: any non-accidental physical injury to the child (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2009 p1). It is a feeling of pain or injury to the body or even a feeling of intimidation (Suryanarayana et al, 2010). Physical abuse may involve hitting, shaking, throwing, poisoning, burning, scalding, drowning, suffocating, or otherwise causing physical harm to a child (Polney, 2001 p129). The explanation of sexual abuse is forcing children or adolescents to take part in sexual activities, regardless of their awareness (ibid). Using pornographic material such as pictures or videos of children or encouraging children to behave in sexually inappropriate ways are regarded as non-contact forms of sexual abuse, (Hobart Frankel, 2005). Emotional abuse is considered as the most elusive and damaging form of abuse in childhood (Terreros, 2006 p1). Psychological or emotional abuse includes a child or young person being continually frightened, rejected or berated. There are a number of adverse effects of this type of child abuse. For instance, a child who is brought up in a home where there is no love or warmth will find it difficult to respond to other peoples emotional needs, (Hobart Frankel, 2005). Neglect is when a childs basic physical and psychological needs are not met. Types of neglect include failure to provide adequate food, shelter, clothing or hygiene. In addition to health care neglect, there is also educational neglect and other physical, emotional, and environmental types of neglect, (Polney, 2001). Over the last three decades a number of children tragically died as a result of abuse and resulted in the emergence of a number legislations and many reforms in agencies and policies. For instance, the death of Victoria Climbie was one of the most major news stories in the UK and all over the world, and has led to the revision of newer policies to protect children from any aspects of abuse. According to a public inquiry there were at least twelve chances for either social services or the police to save Victorias life, (Hobart Frankel, 2005). Adjo Victoria Climbie was born near Abidjan on the Ivory Coast in West Africa, and died in the intensive care unit of St Marys Hospital in London in February 2000 after suffering months of multiple injuries as a result of abuse and neglect from her aunt, Marie Therese Kouao and the aunts partner, Carl Manning. Both of them are now serving life sentences in prison (Laming, 2003). According to her parents, Victoria was the fifth of seven children, and she had a good life with them. She was also good at school. The tragic story of Victoria started when her aunt Marie took her from her parents to travel to France, where she had been living for some time, in order to give her a better life and good education. However, they only stayed there for about five months. Victoria began to appear unwell at school and the school was concerned as to whether this was the result of child abuse. Kouao told the school that she wanted to remove Victoria from the school and travel to London in order to ge t her the necessary treatment. They travelled to London in April 1999, (The Victoria Climbie Inquiry Report, 2003). The year 1999 was a year of suffering for Victoria, especially once she moved in with Manning, her aunts partner. Before that Victoria had spent much of her time with a childminder, Priscilla Cameron, while her aunt was at work. Mrs Cameron noticed the way in which Kouao treated Victoria. When Kouao met Manning she and Victoria moved into his flat, and it was at this time the abuse of Victoria started. Mrs Cameron noticed that the bruises and marks on Victorias body and face become worse during the period she was living with Manning. On 13 July, 1999, Victoria was kept overnight in Mrs Camerons house because Manning did not want her living with them. The next day Mrs Camerons daughter took Victoria to the Central Middlesex Hospital, as she suspected the injuries were not accidental. After the examination the doctor performed, he referred her to the paediatric registrar, and although Victoria was admitted to the hospital and Brent social services and the police were informed, none of these agencies intervened to protect her (Laming, 2003). During his trial, Manning said that Kouao would hit Victoria every day using different items such as a coat hanger, a shoe, a cooking spoon and even a hammer. In addition to this, Manning admitted that he would hit Victoria with a bicycle chain. According to the Victoria Climbie Inquiry Report, (2003) Victoria was treated like an animal, barely fed and forced to sleep in the bath in an unheated bathroom. As a result, her death was due to all kinds of abuse, (physical, emotional abuse and furthermore neglect). The outcry about Victorias death led to the Laming Report, which was published in 2003 by the government to investigate the involvement of the various agencies in the case and to make recommendations for change in order to avoid such a death in the future. Moreover, this case led to the reshaping of services for children and the reform of child protection agencies in England and Wales, (Hobart Frankel, 2005). The Laming report discovered the circumstances surrounding Victorias death, and it indicated the failure of the social, health and police services in safeguarding her. Furthermore, it attempted to address the concept that some of the professionals in Victorias case might have been obstructed by accusations of racism if they had followed a particular action. Thus, the Laming Report suggested that, child safety comes first, meaning child protection is the entitlement of every child regardless of his or her cultural heritage or background (Garrett, 2009). There are other cases of children who died as a result of cruel abuse, such as Marria Colwell in 1973, Susan Auckland in 1974, Tyra Henry in 1984, Chelsea Brown in 1999 and many other cases whether known or unknown. While the circumstances of each case might be different there are points of similarity, especially when the following features which occur more than once are taken into account; There is no communication between people and agencies. Inexperienced social workers who lack necessary skills. Lack of resources to meet demands (The Victoria Climbie Inquiry Report, 2003). Every Child Matters was published in September 2003 and issued some recommendations to be implemented in 2004. These included; The job of the Childrens Commissioner is to raise awareness of the interests of children and adolescents. The duty of local authorities is encouraging cooperation between agencies. Legislation for the setting up of databases so that childrens basic information will be there to help professionals in providing support to young people. A director of childrens services and a lead member will be appointed by local authorities in order to be responsible for education and social services with regards to children The production of a single children and young peoples plan would be demanded of local authorities, (Hobart Frankel, 2005). The focus of the Children Act 2004 was on encouraging partnership and collaboration between health, welfare and criminal justice agencies, as well as raising their awareness of responsibility (Stafford et al, 2010). According to Foley et al (2002) the child protection system in the UK for dealing with child abuse and neglect has not been effective enough at dealing with the problems of a large majority of families and their children. The development of such a system can be traced back to a number of high profile child abuse cases and has been dominated by a preoccupation with surveillance and investigation. The major concern of such a system was with only a small number of the total incidences of neglect and abuse; a total which is expected to rise every year. Such a system was also not successful in providing the necessary services which are essential for meeting the needs of most of the families and the children who were investigated. However, over many years the fundamental aim of policies has become to push different agencies and professionals to work together where there are concerns about child protection, or safeguarding and promoting the well-being of children. This was promoted and strengthened in 2006, by the establishment of Local Safeguarding Childrens Boards (LSCBs) for improving safeguarding practices, polices, training and quality control in every local authority area. They identify accountability and compile information for Serious Case Reviews, where a child has died unexpectedly or been seriously injured and abuse is obvious or suspected to be a factor (Stafford, 2010). Interagency means two or more agencies working together in an official way in order to achieve an aim or several aims (Fitzegarld et al, 2008). Hence, each agency supports another by giving information, experience and other provisions when they are needed. It can be said that they act as a public body towards definite purposes. Currently, many agencies such as the police, social services, health services, and other relevant agencies attempt to produce policy documents in order to address the issue of risk, but there is little training or practical guidance with which to apply these policies (Kemshall Pritchard, 1996). Inter-agency co-operation, whether for community care or for child protection, is often directed by central government. However in practice this often causes difficulties and so these organisations tend to keep their own independence rather than attempt to co-operate. Hence, agencies are unlikely to change certain roles unless they are persuaded that it is their duty (The Scottish as Government, 2003). Over the last three decades, the deaths of children in the UK have caused changes to both policy and practice, especially after Victoria Climbies death. This case highlighted a failure by child protection services and indicated a lack of effective communication between health professionals and social workers. The extent of the failure to protect Victoria was lamentable. Tragically, it required nothing more than basic good practice being put into operation. This never happened (Lord Laming, 2003). Due to so many children dying because of different types of abuse, it has led many agencies to improve child protection systems. However, because of the shortage of resources and staff, especially in social services child protection division, there are still concerns that these improvements and changes will not be enough to protect children. Therefore, it is important to increase the quality of child protection in order to raise social awareness (Kendrick, 2004). The main weakness regarding protecting a child was often a lack of proper evaluation of the childs needs and demands. Individual errors, poor investigations and poor communication between agencies are also important factors (Kendrick, 2004). In fact, before the outcry caused by Victorias case, there were many attempts from different agencies to save childrens lives. For instance, in 1986 child line was established by the NSPCC as a confidential help line which children can call when they are unable to get help elsewhere, and in 1999 the UK government published Working Together to Safeguard Children, which focused on setting a national framework for child protection for anyone who wanted to work with children and families. In addition to this, it encouraged the need for protection to be recognised, and for people to take into account the strengths and weaknesses of a family and look more widely at children and families needs (Hobart Frankel, 2005). As doctors are in an ideal position and are often the first to see and treat serious injuries and trauma they can report abuse allegations to Child Protection Service (CPS) social workers who have a responsibility to protect children. This is especially true considering that victims and offenders will not self-report to the CPS and thus the responsibility for reporting it must fall to others (Vulliamy et al, 2000). Polney (2001) highlights the crucial role in protecting a child from harm that must be played by health visitors, because they are well placed to assess whether a familys circumstances may lead to abuse or neglect, and to appreciate whether children are safe or not. As communication and co-operative working is the key, their work must be done in partnership with other agencies and colleagues in order to meet families and childrens needs and to safeguard children from harm. The starting point in providing an integrated service for children and young people was when the UK government published the Every Child Matters (ECM) Green Paper (2003) after the death of Victoria Climbie, and the Children Act 2004 that led to a number of changes in childrens services (Dunhill et al, 2009) The importance of inter-agency cooperation in the development of childrens services was emphasised by the labour policy. For instance, the National Service Framework for children, young people and maternity services reflects a strategy that demands all agencies work in a way which complement each other in order to address some issues like social exclusion and the childrens fund (ibid). However, the priority of the new labour policy was to intervene in childrens lives at an earlier stage to avoid and prevent problems that may occur in the future, such as anti-social behaviour, unemployment and crime, before they become chronic problems. Therefore its concern with child abuse was only partial (Stafford et al, 2010). According to Frost (2005) the way to avoid interference and conflict between inter-agencies is that inter-agency working must be based on formal structures. Moreover, clarity must be one of the aims and objectives of the team members. There are many elements that are a key to the successful work of a multi-agency, including clear leadership and a clear focus, with common purposes and common knowledge between professionals. This process demands commitment by professionals to regular meetings and to allocating time to learn basic and necessary communication skills (Dunhill et al, 2009). According to Fitzgerald Kay (2008) interdisciplinary teams are those who are from various disciplines and backgrounds with different qualifications, experiences and training that play a significant role in making decisions and minimizing risks. The framework for interdisciplinary training introduced by the Green Paper as a part of its proposals on workforce reform had the following key elements: Understanding the developmental nature of childhood Parents and family life Managing transitions Understanding child protection Understanding risk and protective factors Listening to and involving children and young people (Williams, 2004 p422). Parents and carers, early intervention, local and national integration, and workforce are the main four areas of action covered by the Green Paper (ibid). Working Together indicates that inter-agency policy is an initiative to address the needs and demands of the most vulnerable individuals in society. The assumption is that improving co-ordination and co-operation between agencies will lead to better consequences in terms of child welfare. However, the inter-agency cultures and structures must be taken into account (Morrison, 2000). Paragraph 5.54 of Working Together declares that a strategy discussion between the local authority, childrens social care and other services such as school, health and the police should be present whenever there is a suspicion of a child suffering significant harm. The aim of the strategy discussion is to share information, to plan how the enquiries will be carried out and by whom, to agree what action is needed to protect a child, and also to decide whether any legal action is needed (Beckett, 2007). However, inter-agency and inter-professional communication face some inherent difficulties in some common areas which are as follows: }Status differences and different areas of expertise; Negative stereotypes of other agencies or other professionals; Focussing on different aspects of the problem~ (ibid, P: 29). According to Lawrence (2004) active dialogue is needed to be kept between managers and practitioners in order to resolve some problems when they arise. Also, it is vital to interact satisfactorily in the lives of children and their families. Local authorities, differently to other agencies, have statutory commitments and have their own specific aims. However, in working together to protect children, they need to appreciate that they are not only trying to achieve their own purpose, but they are also making a significant contribution in advising and assisting to protect children (Department of Health, 1991). Social services departments, health workers, medical practitioners, the police, schools, and voluntary sector and others working in a partnership is, in addition to being a way to monitor and review child protection policies, is also a basic strategy for child protection (ibid). In conclusion, it can be said that risk is a word that means a probability of suffering harm or damage during life, or even of dying under specific circumstances. There are many sources or factors of risk which threaten individuals lives, in particular the lives of children. These factors include homelessness, financial pressure, living in a disadvantaged community, parental unemployment, environmental factors and many others which impact on peoples behaviour and their treatments of their children. It is undeniable that children rely on their parents or others who care for them to meet their needs, and it is unfortunately also undeniable that sometimes children are abused or even killed by these same people. This has made the relevant authorities develop many policies and strategies to ensure children live in safety and to protect them from maltreatment, as well as to encourage inter-agencies to work together to promote childrens welfare. According to Blair (2003) our children are ev erything to us: our hopes, our ambitions, and our future.